国产精品成人观看视频免费

   生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活最(zui)常(chang)見的(de)鉛蓄電(dian)池，可將電(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過化學反應(ying)儲藏起來，到另一個場(chang)合(he)或(huo)另一時(shi)段使(shi)用(yong)。鉛蓄電(dian)池雖(sui)(sui)然(ran)造價較(jiao)低，但也有(you)(you)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)弱點，諸如能(neng)(neng)量轉換效率較(jiao)低、電(dian)池反復充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)易老化導致使(shi)用(yong)壽命短、比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)量（Wh/kg）和比(bi)(bi)功率（W/kg）小使(shi)設備笨重、充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間長等(deng)；現在(zai)我們在(zai)手機上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池，雖(sui)(sui)然(ran)也有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)優(you)點，但它價格昂貴(gui)且儲藏電(dian)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)限，不能(neng)(neng)在(zai)大(da)功率場(chang)合(he)下使(shi)用(yong)；所以正在(zai)開發(fa)研(yan)制的(de)超級電(dian)容電(dian)池，相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)而言，就(jiu)有(you)(you)著一般(ban)電(dian)池無可比(bi)(bi)擬的(de)優(you)點，它的(de)前景不可限量。

    結構

    超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的容(rong)量(liang)比通(tong)常的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器大得多(duo)。由于其(qi)容(rong)量(liang)很(hen)大，對外表現(xian)和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同，因此也(ye)稱作“電(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或說“黃金電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)屬(shu)于雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器,它是目(mu)前世界上已投(tou)入(ru)量(liang)產的雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器中容(rong)量(liang)最大的一(yi)種(zhong),其(qi)基本原理(li)和其(qi)它種(zhong)類的雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器一(yi)樣,都是利(li)用(yong)活性炭(tan)多(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)解質組(zu)成的雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層結(jie)構獲得超大的容(rong)量(liang)。

    傳(chuan)統物理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容中儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)來源于電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷在兩塊(kuai)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)上的(de)分離,兩塊(kuai)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)之間(jian)(jian)為真空(kong)(相(xiang)對介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數(shu)(shu)為1)或一(yi)層介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)物質(相(xiang)對介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數(shu)(shu)為ε)所隔離,電(dian)(dian)(dian)容值為:C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為極(ji)板(ban)(ban)面積,d為介(jie)(jie)質厚度。所儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)為: E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容值,ΔV為極(ji)板(ban)(ban)間(jian)(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降.可見,若想獲(huo)得較(jiao)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)(liang),儲(chu)存(cun)更多的(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang),必(bi)須增(zeng)大(da)面積A或減(jian)少介(jie)(jie)質厚度d，但這(zhe)個伸縮空(kong)間(jian)(jian)有限，導致(zhi)它的(de)儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和儲(chu)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)小(xiao)。

    工作原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器中,采用(yong)活性炭材料制作成多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),同時在(zai)相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)碳多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之(zhi)間充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye),當(dang)在(zai)兩(liang)端施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時,相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上分(fen)別(bie)聚(ju)集正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)正負離子將由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)分(fen)別(bie)聚(ju)集到與正負極(ji)板相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)界面上,從而(er)形成兩(liang)個(ge)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)當(dang)于兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器串聯,由于活性碳材料具有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)超高比表面積(即獲得了(le)極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)面積A),而(er)且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)與多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)界面距離不到1nm(即獲得了(le)極(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)厚度d),根據前面的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算公式可(ke)以看(kan)出,這(zhe)種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器比傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)值(zhi)要(yao)大(da)(da)很多(duo),比容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)可(ke)以提(ti)高100倍以上, 從而(er)使(shi)(shi)單(dan)位重(zhong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)可(ke)達100F/g，并且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)內阻還能保持(chi)在(zai)很低的(de)(de)(de)水平，碳材料還具有成本低，技術成熟等優點。從而(er)使(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器進行大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)儲能成為(wei)可(ke)能，且(qie)在(zai)實際使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時，可(ke)以通過串聯或者并聯以提(ti)高輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。